Comparative histological and histochemical study of flank region skin, in camel, cow and buffalo

The skin represents protective cover for the body and making up 16 % of the body weight. The current study included 15 specimens of skin flank region of three animals (cow, buffalo, and camel) fixed in 10 % formalin and then processed through a serial steps for histological examinations, and stained with, Hematoxylin and Eosin, Van Gesion, and Periodic Acid Shiffe stains, for description of the histochemical and histological structures of the skin. Results showed the epidermis was composed of four layers. The maximum thickness of epidermis observed in buffalo's skin was (6.16±0.27 μ) and thinnest in camel's skin was (2.24 ±0.08μ). The results revealed that the dermis consists of two layers; papillary and reticular layers which contain primary and secondary hair follicles, and there was great variation in diameter, sebaceous and sweat glands. The thickness of dermis was (84 ± 1.26 μ, 6116 ±3.7 μ, and 53.6 ± 2.03 μ) in camel, buffalo, and cow respectively. The thickness of the papillary layer in buffalo's skin appeared with a high thickness in comparison with the skin of cow and camel, while the flank skin of camel has a maximum thickness of the reticular layer, corneal, dermis, and total skin (68.8±4.63μ, 1.06±0.13μ, 84±1.26μ,93.6±2.03μ) respectively. The sebaceous glands were simple branched and alveolar, present in large size and multi-lobular in the skin of buffalo while in camel's skin appeared uni-lobular and small. All sweat glands in the flank region were of apocrine type; also differences were noticed in size and shape of these glands in studied animals. In Buffalo it appeared small, single and few, but in camel was aggregation in large number spread in the dermis. In conclusion, there are no differences in general structures of skin but the thickness of layers varied among all the animals

Studying Effects of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles on Dentinogenesis in Male Wistar Rats

From Hindawi via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: publication-year 2021, received 2021-03-27, accepted 2021-07-18, pub-print 2021-07-26, archival-date 2021-07-26Publication status: PublishedThis study aimed to evaluate potential impacts of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO-NPs) at different dosages on predentin thickness, number of blood vessels, periodontal ligament thickness, and blood glucose level of Wistar rats. Twelve rats were randomly gathered into four groups, untreated (control) and CaO-NP-treated groups at three concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of the body weight) over a period of 60 days. Histological investigation was performed on twenty-four lower incisor teeth extracted from all the tested groups under a light microscope, and an automatic Fujifilm was used to measure the blood glucose level. The results showed that regular nanoparticle treatment significantly increased predentin and periodontal ligament thicknesses, a gradual decrease in vascularization in the pulp tissue, and an increase in the blood glucose level as the dosages of nanoparticles administered to the rats increased. Administration of the CaO-NPs at low dosage (25 mg/kg) could be beneficial for the growth and integrity of teeth and dentinal tissues in rats

Studying Effects of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles on Dentinogenesis in Male Wistar Rats

This study aimed to evaluate potential impacts of calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaO-NPs) at different dosages on predentin thickness, number of blood vessels, periodontal ligament thickness, and blood glucose level of Wistar rats. Twelve rats were randomly gathered into four groups, untreated (control) and CaO-NP-treated groups at three concentrations (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of the body weight) over a period of 60 days. Histological investigation was performed on twenty-four lower incisor teeth extracted from all the tested groups under a light microscope, and an automatic Fujifilm was used to measure the blood glucose level. The results showed that regular nanoparticle treatment significantly increased predentin and periodontal ligament thicknesses, a gradual decrease in vascularization in the pulp tissue, and an increase in the blood glucose level as the dosages of nanoparticles administered to the rats increased. Administration of the CaO-NPs at low dosage (25 mg/kg) could be beneficial for the growth and integrity of teeth and dentinal tissues in rats

The Effects of Incorporating Ag-Zn Zeolite on the Surface Roughness and Hardness of Heat and Cold Cure Acrylic Resins

One of the most widely used materials for the fabrication of prosthetic dental parts is acrylic resin. Its reasonable mechanical and physical properties make it a popular material for a wide range of dental applications. Recently, many attempts have been made to improve the mechanical and biological properties of this material, such as by adding fibres, nanoparticles, and nanotubes. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding an antimicrobial agent, Ag-Zn zeolite, on the surface roughness and hardness of the denture base resins. Ag-Zn zeolite particles were chemically prepared and added at different concentrations (0.50 wt.% and 0.75 wt.%) to the heat cure (HC) and cold cure (CC) acrylic resins. Zeolite particles were characterized and confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) attached with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Sixty disk shape specimens (40 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness) were fabricated from the HC and CC resins with and without the zeolite. All the specimens were divided into two main groups based on the acrylic resins, then each was subdivided into three groups (n = 10) according to the concentration of the Ag-Zn zeolite. A surface roughness and a hardness tester were used to measure the surface finish and hardness of the specimens. The analysed data showed that the surface roughness values significantly decreased when 0.50 wt.% and 0.75 wt.% zeolite were incorporated in the HC resin specimens compared to the control group. However, this reduction was not significant in the case of CC resin, while the surface hardness was significantly improved after incorporating 0.50 wt.% and 0.75 wt.% zeolite for both the CC and HC resins. Incorporating Ag-Zn zeolite with acrylic resin materials could be beneficial for improving their surface finish and resistance to surface damage as defined by the higher hardness

Functional similarities between pigeon \u27milk\u27 and mammalian milk : induction of immune gene expression and modification of the microbiota

Pigeon ‘milk’ and mammalian milk have functional similarities in terms of nutritional benefit and delivery of immunoglobulins to the young. Mammalian milk has been clearly shown to aid in the development of the immune system and microbiota of the young, but similar effects have not yet been attributed to pigeon ‘milk’. Therefore, using a chicken model, we investigated the effect of pigeon ‘milk’ on immune gene expression in the Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) and on the composition of the caecal microbiota. Chickens fed pigeon ‘milk’ had a faster rate of growth and a better feed conversion ratio than control chickens. There was significantly enhanced expression of immune-related gene pathways and interferon-stimulated genes in the GALT of pigeon ‘milk’-fed chickens. These pathways include the innate immune response, regulation of cytokine production and regulation of B cell activation and proliferation. The caecal microbiota of pigeon ‘milk’-fed chickens was significantly more diverse than control chickens, and appears to be affected by prebiotics in pigeon ‘milk’, as well as being directly seeded by bacteria present in pigeon ‘milk’. Our results demonstrate that pigeon ‘milk’ has further modes of action which make it functionally similar to mammalian milk. We hypothesise that pigeon ‘lactation’ and mammalian lactation evolved independently but resulted in similarly functional products

Design, microstructure and mechanical characterization of Ti6Al4V reinforcing elements for cement composites with fractal architecture

This paper presents a study on the design, and microstructural and mechanical characterization of additively manufactured reinforcing elements for composite materials exhibiting fractal geometry, with a focus on the flexural reinforcement of cement-matrix composites. The examined elements are manufactured via an additive process, electron beam melting, from the Ti6Al4V titanium alloy, using a Koch curve construction ruled by three complexity parameters. Koch fibers and meshes are designed, additively manufactured and experimentally tested, through the use of the proposed fractal design procedure. Laser scanning tests illustrate the correspondence between the CAD objects and the additively manufactured samples. The experimental characterization of the surface properties of the Koch fibers is conducted through optical microscopy and contact angle tests, while their mechanical performance is analyzed through Vickers hardness and bending tests on a fiber-reinforced reinforced mortar. The given mechanical tests highlight that reinforcing fibers with fractal architecture significantly enhance the first crack strength and the residual loading capacity of cement mortar specimens subject to three-point bending tests. This is due to the relevant interlocking mechanisms acting at the interface between the matrix and the ribs of such reinforcing elements, which delay the macroscopic cracking of the mortar

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein-coupled receptors.

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15538. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate

"Enhance Printing quality of additional special colors by using variables of AM screens (Applied to folded carton packing)"

Traditional Digital Screens have a great role in Packaging printing because they have good economic conditions in processing and most printing houses can be used and preparation in normal operating conditions.The search problem is that there are problems in printing of additional special colors by using AM Screens, especially with printing packages with ( 5 colors to 8 colors ) In this search, we discuss packages with seven colors Aim of the search : - Using AM Screen to print spot colors to achieve quality .- Enabling AM Screen to print spot colors without needing to FM Screen - To achieve this ,we make this search , which includes the theroretical side and the practical side , we make it through the Arab and English references and electronic sites as practical experience .an introductionContinuous images are converted to web images using traditional AM networks, FM networks, hybrid networks.Dot format, LPI, DPI are all terms that describe the process of transforming images Continuous Continuous Tone into halftone silhouettes for printing.What causes color differences is the dots of different size or frequency rather than the various shades of black and white. The grid point is configured using three different technologies: traditional network technology (AM), frequency modulated (FM) technology, hybrid technology. Both of these technologies can be used to create shades of gray, but many times one is preferred. "Systems of networked systems should be enhanced for the printing process, and a certain network technology may enhance the ability to reproduce the image satisfactorily.The digital network is an algorithm process that results in the continuous bitmap image (the con- tone images) being formed from an ordered body of small binary bitmaps. As a result of "computer-to-computer techniques" such as computer to film (CTF), computer to board (CTP), and computer to the printing / printing machine, there are no virtual limits to the practical application of different point-of-point configurations. The digital network simulates the color gradient values ​​of the original components with points collected from the individual small image elements (pixels: image elements). The more the output device (Film Image Setter), the CTP or computer hardware The more accurate the reproduction of the point format of the analog AM scan (1

Assessing the Effects of Administering Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles on Oral Mucosa and Tongue of Male Wister Rats

The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of calcium oxide-nanoparticles (CaO-NPs) administration at different concentrations on the epithelial thickness, papilla length and number of blood vessels of male Wister rats’ buccal mucosa, and the epithelial thickness, filiform length and number of blood vessels of the rats’ tongue. Twelve rats were used and randomly allocated into four groups: control group (untreated) and the three experimental groups were orally treated with CaO-NPs at different doses 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg of the body weight over two months. On the 61 st day, all the animals were sacrificed, and 1 cm of the buccal mucosa and the body of the tongue were carefully removed for histological analysis. Histological tissues were studied under a light microscope to investigate the impact of CaO-NPs administration on the oral tissues. An image processing software (Image J) was used to measure the epithelial thickness, papilla length and number of blood vessels of the rats’ buccal mucosa, and the epithelial thickness, filiform length and number of blood vessels of the rats’ tongue. The results showed that the CaO nanoparticles administration caused epithelial atrophy and decreased vascularization of buccal and tongue mucosa with all tested doses of CaO-NPs and the 100 mg/kg concentration showed the most significant effect